Slapping high tariffs on these mineral types might simply discourage mining in the country, knowing they will in any event be beholden to foreign countries for enough of these.
And, ultimately, the United States factories must strike a deal for them with China, its prime competitor, who has ample reserve of these.
It would seem appropriate, therefore, to encourage space probes, seeking the rare minerals beyond our earth and even past our solar system, Tomorrow, there's another launch of a space ship that may be probing the moon for minerals, etc.
In the meantime, the wealthier countries on earth will continue to mine for these rare items here and hope that China will be generous enough to sell on the open market a plenteous supply!